CALVIN AND TRENT ON THE CAUSES OF JUSTIFICATION
 
 Causes

Trent

Calvin

 Final
The glory of God and and Jesus Christ eternal life
The glory of divine justice and goodness
Efficient
The mercy of God
The mercy of God
Meritorious
Merits of Christ's satisfaction and passion
 
 Material
 

Christ with his blood

Instrumental
Baptism
Faith
Formal
The distributed justice of God infused in us to sanctification
Faith
     

Sources: John Calvin, Commentary on Romans, ed. D. W. Torrance and T. F. Torrance, trans. Ross Mackenzie (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1961), 75; The Canons and Decrees of the Council of Trent, Session Six, chapter 7 in P. Schaff, The Creeds of Christendom 3 vol. (Grand Rapids: Baker, repr. 1983), 2:94-97.

 

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