Why the Mission Needs the Marks of the Church
by R. Scott Clark |
(page 2 of 7)
It should be clear by now that the definition of “missional”
raises serious questions. What is at stake here is the very nature
of Christianity. This is not simply my assessment; this is the
assessment of leaders of the EM. For example, in response to pastor
Mark Driscoll’s criticisms, Emergent leader Doug Pagitt says, "I
think that we're basically talking about two different versions of
Christianity,” and Tony Jones, also an EM leader, agrees.12 Spencer
Burke says that his goal is to radically re-shape the visible,
institutional church. He says,
I challenge the institutional church, where are you spending your
R&D [research and development] money now? ... If it’s trying to
figure out the next big church, I think you should not spend your
money that way. ... I actually believe that you will see major
organizations in the next few years investing in R&D because of the
missional question … because of the things they are discovering now
… 13
Confessional Reformed churches should share this concern. It is a
fair question whether building mega-churches is the mission of the
church. As he continues, the picture becomes clearer:
I really believe the institutional church will die to itself … even
though it will destroy our Sunday morning event … even though it
will mean no longer investing in training biblical teachers for the
one-hour event … for the greater good, the greater cause, the
missional opportunity…. 14
Let me be clear, if Reformed folk are to apply the adjective
“missional” to themselves, it must be defined clearly and that
definition must be quite distinct from that used by the EM. Indeed,
if we are to use it to describe ourselves we must, to use Bradley’s
terms, hijack it or co-opt it.
Let’s us begin doing so. The Oxford English Dictionary defines missional in this use as an adjective relating to missions or
missionary work, but this is not what the EM means by it.
According
to the EM, Sunday mornings are no longer considered the Christian
Sabbath or the Lord’s Day morning, the day of public worship, the
divinely appointed time and place for the preaching of the Word and
the administration of the sacraments. Sunday morning is just an
event and not even a “missional” event at that! Tripp Fuller says,
There is much to learn and keep from the Reformation, a movement
that was thoroughly modern, but there is reason to give pause to
returning to it with a clinched fist. Right now I think the last
thing the Church needs are white dudes with clinched fists,
especially when what they are clenching is ‘God’s Truth.’ Throughout
modernity white dudes have had God’s truth in their hands too much,
and behind them are ditches filled with God’s and/or their enemies.
(This confusion is easy when you have truth tightly gripped in a
fist.) ... I am confident that, as the Church finds its bearing in a
new world, we don’t need any more clinched fists, for it is God’s
world and God’s truth after all. 15
We see a similar anti-ecclesiastical approach to mission in The Missional Church, edited by Darrell L. Guder and co-written by five
different authors.16 They agree with many of the EM writers who reject
the “Western mission” as a “European-church-centered enterprise.”17 In
its place they seek a “theocentric reconceptualization of Christian
mission.”18 In the EM there is a turning away from the church as
organization and toward the church as organism. They regard the
institutional church as a remnant of “Christendom,” the medieval
church-state complex.19 Many of the EM/Missional theorists seem to
accept, to greater and lesser degrees, the nineteenth-century theory
that the apostolic church was purely kerygmatic and charismatic and
that organization was a later, post-apostolic corruption of
authentic Christianity. On that premise they seek to recover some
version of primitive Christianity.20 In the chapter on the church
drafted by George Hunsberger, Missional Church contrasts the missional approach to the doctrine of the church with the “heritage
of a functional Christendom and forms of church life shaped by
modern notions of voluntary association and rational organization.”21
This is at least partly true and helpful, but they continue by
calling into question the very notion of the “marks of the church.”
They write that, though the Reformers did not intend it, the result
of speaking of “the marks of the true church” has been that
Protestants have come to think of church as “a place where certain
things happen.”22 The argument throughout the chapter is that we must
move beyond a conception of the church as a “place where things
happen” to a dynamic community caught up in the mission of God in
the world. They are more helpful, however, when they note that the
verbs most often used by the New Testament in association with the
“kingdom of God” and the “kingdom of heaven” are “to receive” and
“to enter.”23 That the kingdom is not something we can usher in
through evangelism or cultural action is a truly important point.
Finally, in contrast to a good bit of the contemporary literature
coming from the EM, Christopher J. H. Wright provides one of the
most helpful approaches to the question of a missional theology.24 He
argues that we should use a “missional” hermeneutic on analogy with
our Christocentric hermeneutic.25 Just as we read the Bible to see how
it progressively reveals the person of God the Son in Christ through
the history of redemption,26 so too we ought to recognize that the
mission of God is also progressively revealed in redemptive history.27
Thus, e.g. he distinguishes between the missional character of
Israel’s relation to the nations, inasmuch as they existed to
fulfill the divine intention, and the Christian mission to preach
the gospel to all the nations.28 In that respect, he argues that
though it is true to say that the Bible teaches a mission, it is
also true that the Bible itself is the product of God’s mission.29 The
whole history of redemption is the history of the outworking of the
divine plan moving from creation, to fall, to redemption, and
finally to glory.30
Footnotes (on this page)
12 http://theoblogy.blogspot.com/2007/10/different-versions-of-christianity.html (accessed 5 October, 2007).
13 http://www.emergentvillage.com/weblog/missional-has-it-been-shrink-wrapped-too (accessed 5 October, 2007).
14 Ibid.
15 http://pomopirate.blogspot.com/2007/09/driscoll-acts-29-and-demerging-church.html (accessed 5 October, 2007).
16 Darrell L. Guder, ed., Missional Church: A Vision for the Sending of the Church in North America (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1998).
17 Ibid., 4.
18 Ibid.
19 See e.g., ibid., 5–6.
20 The writers of Missional Church recognize that a missional church must be “historical” (p.11) but it is not entirely clear what this means.
21 Missional Church, 77. Remarkably, the chapter calls us to do exactly that which William Willimon has charged us not to do, i.e. to continue doing theology in “translation mode.” On this see William H. Willimon, Peculiar Speech: Preaching to the Baptized (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1992), 9.
22 Missional Church, 79.
23 Ibid., 93–97.
24 Christopher J. H. Wright, The Mission of God: Unlocking the Bible’s Grand Narrative (Downers Grove: Inter-Varsity Press, 2006).
25 Bear in mind Richard Muller’s recent caveat about the difficulty of using this adjective. See Richard A. Muller, “A Note on ‘Christocentrism’ and the Imprudent Use of Such Terminology,” Westminster Theological Journal 68 (2006): 253–60.
26See R. Scott Clark, “What is the Bible All About,” Modern Reformation 16 (March/April, 2007): 20–24.
27 See, e.g., 26, 30–32.
28 Ibid., 24–25.
29 Ibid
30 Ibid., 62–63.
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